Friday, July 31, 2020
Welcome To Academic Essay Writers
Welcome To Academic Essay Writers That's way too much, especially if you dislike the given topic. But I've got my reasons to avoid wasting time on this unnecessary activity. Time is the most valuable resource in our life. The idea is thus to find an essay service that strives to offer the best quality/support . Because scams still exist in this business, I continue to help students to avoid the worst. Ordering from them is simple and straightforward. They can deliver your paper in as fast as 3 hours, but they donât come cheap. We guarantee to finish your assignment on-time so that you can revise it before handing in. Also, you are welcome to give feedback about the quality of our services. We encourage active clients by giving them different discounts. Do not trust services that claim to provide you with high-quality papers at the cheapest price. Those companies usually have a lot of suspiciously positive reviews and overviews. The main reason to dislike writing essays is that they are very time consuming. It can take from a few hours up to a few days for just one essay on only one topic. Our writers have at least a Masterâs degree in a particular field of study. They can handle any type of essay no matter what the subject or the topic is. Just say âdo my essayâ to order their assistance. They saved my research paper even though I had to submit it in one day. Now I always contact them and know that they will never fail. so you already know the client isn't put on the 1st place, and that generating money is their goal. The chance that you will actually find the best paper writing service through them is super slim. Mind the trap â" you can get into a fraudulent company. Turn on critical thinking â" you cannot get perfect papers at a low price. If the majority of reviews are extremely positive, they are paid, and you cannot trust them. Our team cooperates with students from different parts of the world, this is why it is hard to create a certain working schedule. So, you can use our services, ask questions, or find the necessary information any time you need. They tend to be very particular with the geographical location of the writers because of the belief that those coming from the same country would deliver better results. However, based on analysis, there is no need to be geographically specific when looking for a writing provider. I really messed up the last term, and these guys bailed me out. I thought I could pull it off, but it was just so hard to write my research paper. I had done a lot of the research, and I kept sitting down and trying to sort through all my thoughts and ideas on the topic, but it was overwhelming. I kept putting it off later and later until it was right down to the wire, and my deadline was looming. I knew that asking for an extension was out of the question, and I needed professional assistance. I sent them everything I had, even though it was a mess, and they connected me with an author who had a background in the subject, so they could sort it all out. They worked through the night to get me back on track, then sent a draft. I requested some small tweaks and revisions, and we had a polished product in a couple of days. I received positive feedback on it and got a great mark. We will review, edit, and proofread the essay to make sure it is 100% unique. Our writer and editors work along to make the paper perfect. Using our company, you will get rid of both stress and sleepless nights problems.
Thursday, May 28, 2020
Your Valid And Logical Point Of View On Advertising Benefits - 825 Words
Your Valid And Logical Point Of View On Advertising Benefits (Essay Sample) Content: Student NameCourseInstructorDateBenefits of AdvertisingIn the highly developed modern society, advertising has become a part of people lives. When people look around, they can see that various advertisement not only on TVs and newspapers, but also on billboards, buses, and walls. The highly competitive business environment has also encouraged the advancements in the advertising means as businesses and firms attempt to gain the advantage and market their products and services to the greater public. Advertising provides a medium through which the firms and individuals are able to convey varying messages across the different forms of media that include print and broadcast notices. These messages include and are not limited to solicit desire for the goods or services, reinforce sales peoples messages, and enhance the company image. Advertising serves useful purposes for public and manufacturers due to the effect of provides consumers more information about products and pr omotes economic development.Advertising can be a chance that provides consumers more information about products in the market. Julian acknowledges that fact in his article and states A common perception of advertising is related to solicitation or encouraging consumers to purchase the goods and services of a company organization (Yudelson 134). Individuals and mostly businesses print advertisements in newspapers, create fliers and use electronic media to create awareness about the commodities they are selling. Technological developments and more specifically the influence of the internet have fastened the means of advertisement. It is common nowadays to see various products being marketed on the popular internet platforms such as Gmail, Facebook and twitter. Established organizations usually engage the various means of advertisement to inform the public of new products and services they have rolled out. For example Tesla Motors whenever they release a new model of their electronic v ehicles usually frequent the various media platforms with images of the new model and specifications incorporated in the car. The messages on the advertisement usually have most if not all the details on the product and service and are often relayed in a way that it entices the target audience to purchase the product. New firms and business also participate in advertisement to inform the public on their entrance into the market and to share on the products and services that differentiates them from the other players in the industry. Some business whose products and services have not been fully embraced in the market may turn to advertising to provide more insight. Also, firms that wish to increase their revenue streams and sales targets often engage in massive advertising campaigns. The information contained in the advertisements are not primarily meant to ensure immediate purchases of the products and services but also to market and promote and create more public interest on the su bject contained in the advertisements. Nonetheless, and the common purpose for advertisements is to relay more and mostly specific information on the products and services.Advertising plays a significant role to help to sell goods to a bigger market, which greatly promote economic development. By using the various forms of electronic media and the internet the advertisements have been able to reach out to a greater audience and which has resulted in the opening up of new markets where firms and individuals are able to sell their products and services. Economists and Nobel laureates have praised the influence of advertising in the economy and have termed it as a major industry. Stephen shared in his article that Advertising is a powerful tool of competition. It provides valuable information about products and services in efficient and cost effective manner. It helps the economy to function smoothly by keeping prices low and facilitating the entry of new products and new firms into th e market (Unwin 40). Advertising has helped support the economy through its advocacy for free speech and fair competition. The increased promotions of the products and services has created jobs and generated more direct sales. Advertising also plays an important part in the business environment through the shifting of focus depending on whether its a growth or recession period. During the periods of recession, most advertisements usually focus on the product pricing so as to target more customers at the reduced prices. It therefore helps to boost econo...
Saturday, May 16, 2020
Cell Phone Companies in Legal Battles Over Contracts Essay
Cell Phone Contracts In the present day, most people have cell phones. It is also true that most people have a negative experience with a cell phone company imposing early termination fees. When people activate their cell service, they are forces to enter a binding contract for one to two years. If the customer agrees to the contract they will be obligated to pay the whole contract term or they will be assessed the early termination fee. However, the days of cell phone contracts early termination fees are beginning to change. Contract ââ¬Å"A contract is a legally enforceable promise.â⬠Lau, T., Johnson, L. (2013). When people buy cell phones these days, they understand that they will be entering a legally enforceable promise.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Personal experience with T- Mobile I had been a valued customer with T- Mobile since I was 17 and at the time of my dispute with this company I was 23 years old. Six years of being loyal and promptly paying my bill T-Mobile lost my business. Of course, they did not lose it right away. I was in the Navy during this time and was about to go on deployment to the Persian Gulf for at least 8 months. My contract was due to expire in 6 months and I did not want to pay for my service while I was not using it. I called and asked to terminate my service, because my service where I was stationed was less than par. However, I was told that if I wanted to terminate the contract I would have to pay the 200 hundred dollar early termination fee. On the other hand, place the phone on inactive status and pay 20 dollars a month. I was frustrated with these options so I told them I will pay the 20 dollars and when I get back from deployment I was going to switch carriers. The operator seemed if she did not care either way. After returning from deployment I switched to Verizon and long story short, I am currently with ATT. Still, I see a change in the not too distant future. Ethical Issues The ethical issue that arises with cell phone early termination fees is when the service is not providing quality service. Not only do I mean cell service, but customer service. People pay good money for cell phones every month and they should expectShow MoreRelatedThe Current United States Social Contract Is The Way A1074 Words à |à 5 PagesThe current United States social contract is the way a majority of the people live. The majority being, the entire population outside of the rich and famous. While this can be debated person to person, as well as the idea of what the social contract is, I would describe the current United States social contract as a combination of fear and survival. These concepts often can intertwine; however, they can also be distinguished separately. The social contract will continue to evolve as the country changesRead MoreSamsung Smartphone Market Essay examples1136 Words à |à 5 Pagesas: HTC, Apple, and Samsung appear to be paving the w ay as consumers grapple over which product suits them the best. These companies battle constantly for market share whether it is on the ground of the consumerââ¬â¢s desires or in the court system with lawsuits. These smartphones are rapidly evolving into one in all personal computers with seemingly unlimited communication and organizational capabilities. One of the companies that will be the main focus of this paper is Samsung. Although Samsung hasRead MoreMotorola Mobility, Business Analysis 22650 Words à |à 11 PagesMotorola mobility faces an uphill battle against many competitors among which are counted: Apple, Blackberry, and Alcatel Lucent. What have been the Social, Legal, Economic, Political, and natural conditions that affect Motorola mobilityââ¬â¢s Operational processes and procedures? Motorola Mobility have shown some positive return is the recent month, but because of the instability the Mobile electronic devices, people still wonder if: Motorola Mobility is a good and stable company that will grow our long-termRead MoreCompetitive Forces for the Iphone5604 Words à |à 23 Pagescomputer trade show in 1977. The Apple II launched Apple Inc. to the forefront of the new computer era. Although it had a bumpy road in the 1980ââ¬â¢s, Apple continued to grow into a leading manufacturer of personal computers. Since its inception, the company has focused on products for consumers interested i n advanced hardware and software for educational and creative purposes, i.e. music and video production (Hoovers.com, 2009). Today, Apple continues to be a leader in cutting edge household technologyRead MoreCase Study: Lawsuit Apple V/S Samsung2191 Words à |à 9 Pagesof an injunction against sales of infringing Samsung smart phones and tablets. Will this mega-lawsuit dramatically alter the way our devices are manufactured and, in turn, affect our decision-making process when buying a smart phone for personal or business use? Probably not. The New York Times predicted that this decision would wreak design havoc in the mobile device landscape: Consumers could end up with some welcome diversity in phone and tablet design -- or they may be stuck with devices thatRead MoreApple Marketing Report - 112467 Words à |à 50 Pagesthe mobile phone with its revolutionary iPhone and App Store, and has recently introduced its magical iPad which is defining the future of mobile media and computing devices. Apples mission statement is to provide easy to use computers to everyday people. (www.apple.com). Apple reinvented the mobile phone in 2007 with its revolutionary iPhone, and did it again in 2008 with its pioneering App Store, which now offers more than 150,000 mobile applications in over 90 countries. Over 40 millionRead MoreSocial Media And The Real Estate Industry2124 Words à |à 9 PagesGood morning, my name is Jack Curtis. I have been employed by Total Coverage Social Media to help your real estate company develop social media solutions. ââ¬Å"While every real estate agent should use some form of social media to promote their business, this type of marketing is only effective if you do so correctlyâ⬠. I am here to convince you why social media is necessary in the real estate industry, and provide information on how to do so effectively. a) Define the term social media According toRead MoreAspects of Contract Negligence for Business5498 Words à |à 22 PagesUnit 5: Aspects of Contract amp; Negligence for Business | By Abdul Mir: FCS#307035 | Mark amp; Jodie Jones | Contents Task 1: Formation of a Contract 3 Offer amp; Acceptance 3 Acceptance 3 Modes of acceptance amp; E-Contracts 4 Consideration 4 Intention to Create Legal Relation 5 Capacity to contract 5 Blue Chip v Evershed 5 Task 2: Exclusion amp; Limitation Clauses 6 Contractual Terms 7 Conditions 7 Warranties 7 Innominate Terms 7 Advantagesamp;DisadvantagesRead MoreDevelopment of Apple Inc. on a Time Sequence Basis1928 Words à |à 8 Pagesalready know that! More importantly, this assignment focuses on Appleââ¬â¢s ideas, visions, communication, challenges, competition, deals, sales and financial aspects. Once it grasps a good knowledge of the development of this company, the assignment tries to analyse this company in a more economic related approach. But why have I chosen Apple? To tell you the truth, up till a few years ago, to me Apple was just a fruit. It all changed where at one point in time, I was tired with my Windows desktopRead MoreContract Act 1950 of Malaysia11814 Words à |à 48 PagesAcceptance in Making Business Contracts Dr. Md. Abdul Jalil Associate Professor of Law Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Management International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) E-mail: abduljalil@iiu.edu.my, abd_jalil2@yahoo.com Abstract Business firms and Business corporations enter into thousands of contracts everyday. Making a formal and written contract is very important for business corporations and firms although oral contracts are accepted and recognized by
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
An Introduction to the Constitutional Principles of...
02-03-2009 Tatyana Kurtiyakova It is common knowledge that without general rules any game will turn to chaos and disorder when everyone will behave as wishes to achieve a victory in what way soever. The most powerful ââ¬Å"rules of the gameâ⬠is the Constitution and the most important thing is to construe it correctly. More than 200 years the US Constitution remains the organic law of successfully developing state, which territory and population have increased many times over, and the political and economic life has changed radically. In the context of United States constitutional interpretation, invariability, political stability andâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Iââ¬â¢m going to discuss two theoretical doctrines of interpretationââ¬â¢s limits, which are based on specific methods of ââ¬Å"original intentâ⬠and ââ¬Å"living documentâ⬠constitutional interpretation. The first of them, original intent, maintains that in interpreting a text, a court should determine what the author s of the text were trying to achieve, and to give effect to what they intended the statute to accomplish, the actual text of the legislation notwithstanding. Obviously, the defined method of explanation is undoubtedly good, as allows answering not only on a question, what sense has been enclosed in the given norm but also to what the legislator really aspired, accepting it. In this case work of the lawyer, the judge should remind work of the professional-restorer which by the most careful studying of the source, analogues, an epoch, time, techniques of the letter etc. restores the original. For all that I canââ¬â¢t agree with this idea because there can be the situation when the judge is beyond the maintenance of the source text and gives his own view of the legislatorââ¬â¢s intentions. It goes without saying, explanation does not bring and cannot bring additions and changes in effective law standards. It urged only to explain and specify what is formulated in a norm, to open a legal will of the legislator. Naturally, standard interpretation cannot be found out in a separation from surrounding conditions, but it should not mean at all, that during theShow MoreRelatedJudicial Review And The Indian Courts1444 Words à |à 6 PagesPolitical Science Essay Monsoon Semester 2014 Submitted by- Pradyumna Soni 214048 JUDICIAL REVIEW AND THE INDIAN COURTS Introduction Judicial Review is basically an aspect of judicial power of the state which is exercised by the courts to determine the validity of a rule of law or an action of any agency of the state. The courts have the power of testing the validity of legislative as well as other governmental action with reference to the provisions of the constitution. TheRead MoreThe On The Workings Of The Constitution Convention Essay1319 Words à |à 6 Pagesimportance of the 1787 Constitutional Convention is indisputable, not only as a turning point in the history of the United States, but also as an event that continues to affect contemporary politicsâ⬠(Pope and Shawn 1). Indeed, the historical significance of the Constitution Convention and its direct impact on American contemporary politics cannot be ignored. For over two-hundred years, the Constitution of the United States has served as the foundation for the American system of government. It defined theRead MoreCritical Analysis of Good-bye, Mont esquieu by Bruce Ackerman1454 Words à |à 6 Pages ââ¬ËGOOD BYE MONTESQUIEUââ¬â¢ INTRODUCTION:- ââ¬Å"Power must never be trusted without a checkâ⬠. The French jurist Montesquieu introduced the principle of ââ¬Å"Separation of Powerâ⬠(also known as Trias Politica) for the first time in his book L. Esprit Des Lois (Spirit of Laws) published in 1748. This doctrine mean the fact that one person or body of persons should not exercise all the three powers of the Government viz. legislative, executiveRead MoreProperty Of The American Political Thought1382 Words à |à 6 PagesProperty in the American Political Thought The concept of property has long been one of the most crucial aspects for the U.S. citizens, as it is a major part of the Constitutional, and, therefore, human rights. Although the perception and understanding of ââ¬Å"propertyâ⬠have been considerably changed, especially in terms of political and philosophical vision, it still has a particular meaning for the Americans. In general, the idea of property is the question of the political thought and conceptualizedRead MoreHistory 3011175 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Branches of Government HIS/301 August 14, 2012 The Branches of Government Articles I, II, and III of the Unites States Constitution outline the importance of dividing government into 3 branches, this system was designed by our forefathers to serve the people. With any division of power obstacles are bound to arise, usually when attempting to enact important legislation. Since the US Constitution was written to the present day there has been conflicts between the supporters of a strongRead MoreThe Constitutional System Within The United Kingdom1416 Words à |à 6 PagesA constitutional system within a country could be classified as one of the most important structures for democracy; it should not only illustrate the structures and power of a government, but also state the relationship between government and individuals. Constitutionalism can be classified into two distinct categories: a codified written Constitutions (ie: United States), and an uncodified unwritten constitution (ie: United Kingdom). Some consider the UK constitution as a risk to the democ raticRead MoreThe Issue Of The Uk1395 Words à |à 6 PagesIntroduction It is quite a complicated question whether the UK really has a constitution in its modern sense. Back in the 18th century it was not even a question; the British constitution was recognized and celebrated for its democratic spirit, particularly by French Enlighteners and some of the American Founding Fathers. But since the Americans have decided to write down their principles of government into a document and to call it ââ¬Å"Constitution,â⬠and a lot of other countries, such as the newly-freedRead MoreThe Supremacy Clause : Conflict Between Federal And State Law1656 Words à |à 7 PagesMedical Marijuana The American Constitution provides for a division of government powers between the federal and state governments, as well as provides solutions in an event of conflict between these two governments. The Supremacy Clause is derived through Constitutional Law and determines that the Constitution, Federal statutes, and United States treaties contain the ââ¬Å"supreme law of the landâ⬠, creating the framework for the highest areas of law within the American legal system. Article VI, SectionRead MoreA Well Regulated Militi The Founding Fathers And The Origins Of Gun Control1472 Words à |à 6 PagesA Well-Regulated Militia: The Founding Fathers and the Origins of Gun Control in America By Saul Cornell Introduction The Second Amendment remains one of the most controversial pieces of legislation in the contemporary America. The onset of the controversy regarding gun ownership rights can be traced back to the nineteenth century. Some of the major events that shaped the debate on gun ownership include Shayââ¬â¢s Rebellion and the dispute between federalists and anti-federalists. Slavery and the abolitionRead MoreHamiltons Curse Book Review1464 Words à |à 6 PagesBook Review: Hamiltonââ¬â¢s Curse: How Jeffersonââ¬â¢s Arch Enemy Betrayed the American Revolution- and what it means for America Today What kind of country is the United States of America? Is it really the land of the free or are the Americans controlled by an imperial presidency? Is America peaceful and prosperous? Is it possible to identify the source of Americaââ¬â¢s economic problems? Some people have a clear picture of how things really are; while others are never able to see the entire scope of
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Pharmaceutical Companies free essay sample
The profits pharmaceuticals make of their patented products are supposed to refinance new research. So taking away their exclusive distribution rights and allowing other manufacturers to just copy the product and sell it at minimal costs also harms the innovative processes in which new and better drugs are developed [1]. Those less concerned with the patents for these drugs are concerned about the alarming AIDS statistics, which clearly demonstrate the fact that there is an AIDS epidemic in some of the poorest countries in the world. In some of the countries where the with AIDS infected population is not only very large but also very poor, local companies will reproduce one or more of the drugs that comprise the AIDS ââ¬Å"cocktailâ⬠and sell it at prices lower than those of the company who originally introduced it and is trying to recover some of their costs from research and development. According to the case in the textbook, on average it takes ten to fifteen years for a drug to be created from start to finish, at a cost of 0 million. We will write a custom essay sample on Pharmaceutical Companies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even then, the case goes on to state that only 30 % of the completed product will earn revenues equal to its research and development. With the protection of a patent, the companies that make the drugs can charge high prices in an attempt to make their money back. Due to the fact that people with HIV/AIDS are always going to need the medicine, the price of the drugs tends to be relatively price insensitive during the time when they are protected by a patent . Pharmaceutical companies have a responsibility to distribute drugs to developing countries at low cost, as failure to do so means millions of people are sick or dying unnecessarily. Discounted prices make political, economic, and, most importantly, moral sense. Although ninety-five percent of people living with HIV/AIDS are in developing countries, the impact of this epidemic is global. In South Africa, where one in four adults are living with the disease, HIV/AIDS means almost certain death for those infected. In developed countries however, the introduction of antiretroviral drugs has meant HIV/AIDS is treated as a chronic condition rather than a killer disease. In developing countries like South Africa, the drugs that allow people to live with the disease elsewhere in the world, are simply too expensive for individuals and governments to afford at market price. Drug prices are set by pharmaceutical companies to cover research and development costs. While RD costs clearly need to be covered, markets in developed countries already pay for most RD of new products. Because of this, it makes moral and economical sense to establish a two-tiered pricing system; for RD costs to be paid for by developed countries, allowing significantly reduced prices to be charged in developing countries. Pharmaceutical companies had been reluctant to provide drugs to developing countries at reduced prices because of concerns around distributing drugs in unregulated and unreliable environments. They argued that this could create new drug-resistant strains of the HIV virus. There was also concern about corruption or diversion of supplies from both government and distributors, and no guarantee the product would in fact reach the people who need it. There is a significant risk of the discounted drugs beiThere is a lot of discussion about pharmaceutical companies, intellectual property, and the global AIDS epidemic. Do pharmaceutical companies have a responsibility to distribute drugs for free or low cost in developing countries? Why is intellectual property such a big deal? What impact would South Africaââ¬â¢s decision to levy duties on drugs in the country have on the international distribution of drugs? Was the change that provided patent protection for pharmaceutical companies an appropriate change or a dangerous precedent? Was it necessary to relax intellectual property rules in order to ensure that adequate supplies of AIDs medications would be available for distribution in the developing world? What role to multi-national corporations have in providing funding or other assistance to international organizations such as the Global Fund? All these questions have many arguments for and against but the right answers probably lie somewhere in between. Having and providing access to affordable medication is one of the greatest challenges we face today. Many people see the pharmaceutical companies as socially irresponsible. The evidence is in the outrageous prices individuals have to pay for medications. Although I donââ¬â¢t like high priced medications I do believe in the right for a business who has the chance to face many lawsuits to make money. To come up with medications it takes years of research and licensing. The pharmaceutical companies donââ¬â¢t want their hard work to be the catalyst for another company to come in and make a cheaper version and take all the profits. With the protection of a patent, the companies that make the drugs can charge high prices in an attempt to make their money back. The profits are then spread to investors and also used for more research for better medications illegally re-imported back to into the West.
Friday, April 17, 2020
Organ Donation Essays (455 words) - Organ Donation,
Organ Donation As of 1995 there were 30,000 people on a waiting list to receive an organ transplant. Another person joined the list every twenty minutes, which at this rate the list would grow to 50,000 by 1997(Public Health, Internet). An estimated seven people will die today while waiting to receive the vital organs they need. These people depend on health donors to save their life. Many, however, chose not to donate because of the misconceptions of the donation process. Today I'd like to inform you on the myths of organ donation so you can better understand the process of becoming a donor. Commonly asked questions about organ donation: Where can I get an organ donor card? The answer to this question is you do not need one. You need to inform your family or a close friend. Consent is the key. Who pays for the medical costs of being a donor? The recipient covers all costs and some cases the recipient will pay all funeral costs. Does organ donation disrupt funeral arrangements? No, funeral arrangements are the same for both donor/nondonors. Will becoming a donor mean a doctor will let me die? No, in the eyes of the doctors both lives are sacred. Should I mention being an organ donor in my will? This is a trick question. We all know this is a myth because your will is read after you die. It's too late, you must communicate while you are still alive(Journal,94). Two myths the preferential treatment on the US waiting list and the racism myth are often mention in our media. The preferential treatment is when some one receives special privileges over another recipient. For example in 1995 Mickey Mantle, a famous baseball player, received a liver transplant and many recipient complained because they Mantle received their liver due to his fame. The racism myth says many minorities feel racism. This decreases the chance of organ donation, which decreases the chance of getting the specific donor(Journal,94). Bad press and movies portraying organ transplantation as evil are only some of the reasons why more individuals have false ideas about donation and do not support it. This is a direct result of not having the education resources needed to develop effective public health campaigns. According to the Gallop public opinion polls, individuals have high levels of support for organ transplantation, however, when these individuals are actually approached to donate their loved ones organs, few actually go through with the transplant. Once these myths have been dispelled and the questions have been answered then people will have the knowledge they need to make the decision of whether or not to become an organ donor. So the next time you are asked if you are a donor remember an estimated seven people die today while waiting to receive a vital organ they need. Everyone deserves a chance to live longer.
Friday, March 13, 2020
The Capture of Inca Atahualpa
The Capture of Inca Atahualpa On November 16, 1532, Atahualpa, lord of the Inca Empire, was attacked and captured by Spanish conquistadors under Francisco Pizarro. Once he was captured, the Spanish forced him to pay a mind-boggling ransom amounting to tons of gold and silver. Although Atahualpa produced the ransom, the Spanish executed him anyway. Atahualpa and the Inca Empire in 1532: Atahualpa was the reigning Inca (a word similar in meaning to King or Emperor) of the Inca Empire, which stretched from present-day Colombia into parts of Chile. Atahualpas father, Huayna Capac, had died sometime around 1527: his heir apparent died around the same time, throwing the Empire into chaos. Two of Huayna Capacs many sons began to fight over the Empire: Atahualpa had the support of Quito and the northern part of the Empire and Huscar had the support of Cuzco and the southern part of the Empire. More importantly, Atahualpa had the allegiance of three great generals: Chulcuchima, Rumià ±ahui and Quisquis. In early 1532 Huscar was defeated and captured and Atahualpa was lord of the Andes. Pizarro and the Spanish: Francisco Pizarro was a seasoned soldier and conquistador who had played a large role in the conquest and exploration of Panama. He was already a wealthy man in the New World, but he believed that there was a rich native kingdom somewhere in South America just waiting to be plundered. He organized three expeditions along the Pacific coast of South America between 1525 and 1530. On his second expedition, he met with representatives of the Inca Empire. On the third journey, he followed tales of great wealth inland, eventually making his way to the town of Cajamarca in November of 1532. He had about 160 men with him, as well as horses, arms and four small cannons. The Meeting in Cajamarca: Atahualpa happened to be in Cajamarca, where he was waiting for the captive Huscar to be brought to him. He heard rumors of this strange group of 160 foreigners making their way inland (looting and pillaging as they went) but he certainly felt secure, as he was surrounded by several thousand veteran warriors. When the Spanish arrived in Cajamarca on November 15, 1532, Atahualpa agreed to meet with them the next day. Meanwhile, the Spanish had seen for themselves the riches of the Inca Empire and with a desperation born of greed, they decided to try and capture the Emperor. The same strategy had worked for Hernn Cortà ©s some years before in Mexico. The Battle of Cajamarca: Pizarro had occupied a town square in Cajamarca. He placed his cannons on a rooftop and hid his horsemen and footsoldiers in buildings around the square. Atahualpa made them wait on the sixteenth, taking his time to arrive for the royal audience. He eventually showed up in the late afternoon, carried on a litter and surrounded by many important Inca noblemen. When Atahualpa showed up, Pizarro sent Father Vicente de Valverde out to meet with him. Valverde spoke to the Inca through an interpreter and showed him a breviary. After leafing through it, Atahualpa disdainfully threw the book on the ground. Valverde, supposedly angry at this sacrilege, called on the Spanish to attack. Instantly the square was packed with horsemen and footmen, slaughtering natives and fighting their way to the royal litter. The Massacre at Cajamarca: The Inca soldiers and noblemen were taken completely by surprise. The Spanish had several military advantages which were unknown in the Andes. The natives had never seen horses before and were unprepared to resist mounted foes. The Spanish armor made them nearly invulnerable to native weapons and steel swords hacked easily through native armor. The cannon and muskets, fired from the rooftops, rained thunder and death down into the square. The Spanish fought for two hours, massacring thousands of natives, including many important members of the Inca nobility. Horsemen rode down fleeing natives in the fields around Cajamarca. No Spaniard was killed in the attack and Emperor Atahualpa was captured. Atahualpas Ransom: Once the captive Atahualpa was made to understand his situation, he agreed to a ransom in exchange for his freedom. He offered to fill a large room once with gold and twice over with silver and the Spanish quickly agreed. Soon great treasures were being brought from all over the Empire, and greedy Spaniards broke them into pieces so that the room would fill more slowly. On July 26, 1533, however, the Spanish became frightened at rumors that Inca General Rumià ±ahui was in the vicinity and they executed Atahualpa, supposedly for treason in stirring up rebellion against the Spaniards. Atahualpaââ¬â¢s ransom was a great fortune: it added up to some 13,000 pounds of gold and twice that much silver. Sadly, much of the treasure was in the form of priceless works of art which were melted down. Aftermath of the Capture of Atahualpa: The Spanish caught a lucky break when they captured Atahualpa. First of all, he was in Cajamarca, which is relatively close to the coast: had he been in Cuzco or Quito the Spanish would have had a harder time getting there and the Inca may have struck first at these insolent invaders. The natives of the Inca Empire believed that their royal family was semi-divine and they would not lift a hand against the Spanish while Atahualpa was their prisoner. The several months that they held Atahualpa allowed the Spanish to send for reinforcements and come to understand the complex politics of the empire. Once Atahualpa was killed, the Spanish swiftly crowned a puppet Emperor in his place, allowing them to maintain their hold on power. They also marched first on Cuzco and then on Quito, eventually securing the empire. By the time one of their puppet rulers, Manco Inca (Atahualpas brother) realized that the Spanish had come as conquerors and started a rebellion it was too late. There were some repercussions on the Spanish side. After the conquest of Peru was complete, some Spanish reformers - most notably Bartolomà © de las Casas - began asking disturbing questions about the attack. After all, it was an unprovoked attack on a legitimate monarch and resulted in the massacre of thousands of innocents. The Spanish eventually rationalized the attack on the grounds that Atahualpa was younger than his brother Huscar, which made him a usurper. It should be noted, however, that the Inca did not necessarily believe that the eldest brother should succeed his father in such matters. As for the natives, the capture of Atahualpa was the first step in the near-total destruction of their homes and culture. With Atahualpa neutralized (and Huscar murdered on his brothers orders) there was no one to rally resistance to the unwanted invaders. Once Atahualpa was gone, the Spanish were able to play off traditional rivalries and bitterness to keep the natives from uniting against them.
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